Loads due to Permanent loads – Prestressing loads – Live loads for Highway, Railway and Metro – Seismic – Thermal – Water Currents – Wind Forces – Accidental Loads – Creep & Shrinkage. Structural analysis methods – Hand computed methods – Grillage Analysis – Transverse Analysis – FEM Methods. Introduction to IRC Codal provisions – Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design – Prestressing systems – Cable profiling – End block design

Idealization and Grillage Analysis – Load Applications – ULS and SLS design. Composite plate girder bridge – Modelling – Design according to IRC– Introduction to Truss and Bow String Truss Bridges

Types of Substructure – Cantilever Pier – Portal Pier – Pier Cap – Bearings – Pedestals & Seismic restrainers. Types of Foundation – Geotechnical capacities – Open foundation - Pile foundation - Well foundation

Introduction to concept of Execution of Bridges – PSC I girder (Pre-& Post – Tensioned) – Truss Bridge – Balanced Cantilever Bridge – Segmental Bridge – Cable Stayed Bridge. Installation of Sensors for Service Stage – Periodic inspection methods – Periodic Maintenance-Replacement of bearings, expansion joints etc